GoodWatch

Abacus

2005-11-18T05:45:00.000-08:00

The earliest “abacus” likely was a board or slab on which a Babylonian spread sand so he could trace letters for general writing purposes. The word abacus is probably derived, through its Greek form abakos, from a

Burford

2005-10-16T02:00:00.000-07:00

Town (“parish”), West Oxfordshire district, administrative and historic county of Oxfordshire, southern England, on the River Windrush, in the Cotswolds. The town was acquired by Robert FitzHamon, earl of Gloucester, who granted it a market in 1088 and England's earliest datable merchant guild. Sir Lawrence Tanfield, a local landowner, successfully challenged the town's civic

Narcissus

2005-07-27T05:15:00.000-07:00

In Greek mythology, the son of the river god Cephissus and the nymph Leiriope; he was distinguished for his beauty. His mother was told that he would have a long life, provided he never looked upon his own features. His rejection, however, of the love of the nymph Echo or of his lover Ameinias drew upon him the vengeance of the gods. He fell in love with his own reflection in

China, The decline of feudalism

2005-07-07T20:45:00.000-07:00

The most obvious change in political institutions was the replacement of the old feudal structure by systems of incipient bureaucracy under monarchy. The decline of feudalism took its course in the Ch'un-ch'iu period, and the rise of the new order may be seen in the Chan-kuo period. The Chou feudalism suffered from a continual dilution of authority. As a state expanded,

Sanger, Frederick

2005-06-29T01:15:00.000-07:00

English biochemist who was twice the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. He was awarded the prize in 1958 for his determination of the structure of the insulin molecule. He shared the prize (with Paul Berg and Walter Gilbert of the United States) in 1980 for his determination of the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of a virus. Sanger

Pan-germanism

2005-06-15T18:30:00.000-07:00

German Pangermanismus or Alldeutschtum movement whose goal was the political unification of all people speaking German or a Germanic language. Some of its adherents favoured the unification of only the German-speaking people of central and eastern Europe and the Low Countries (Dutch and Flemish being regarded as Germanic dialects). The movement had its roots in the desire for German unification stimulated

Catalonia Museum Of Art

2005-06-03T03:15:00.000-07:00

Spanish Museo De Arte De Cataluña , Catalan Museu D'art De Catalunya museum in the Palacio Nacional in Barcelona, housing one of the most important collections of medieval paintings in the world and also a fine and complete collection of Spanish ceramics. The Romanesque Galleries comprise a series of reconstructions of church interiors with mural decorations brought from villages in the Pyrenees, transported to the museum

Uzbekistan

2005-05-31T21:45:00.000-07:00

Officially Republic of Uzbekistan , Uzbek Uzbekiston , or Uzbekistan Respublikasi country in Central Asia. It lies mainly between two major rivers, the Syr Darya (ancient Jaxartes River) on the northeast and the Amu Darya (ancient Oxus River) on the southwest, though they only partly form its boundaries. Uzbekistan is bordered by Kazakstan on the northwest and north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan on the east and southeast, Afghanistan on the south, and

Rymer, Thomas

2005-05-17T00:50:00.000-07:00

Rymer left the University of Cambridge without taking a degree and began to study law at Gray's

Aye-aye

2005-05-15T18:35:00.000-07:00

(Daubentonia madagascariensis), rare, squirrellike primate, the sole living representative of the family Daubentoniidae, found in Madagascan rain forests. The aye-aye is about 40 cm (16 inches) long excluding the bushy, 55- to 60-centimetre tail; and it is covered with long, coarse, dark brown or black fur. It has a short face, large eyes, and rodentlike,

Korea, North

2005-05-13T16:03:00.000-07:00

Officially Democratic People's Republic of Korea , Korean Choson Minjujuui In'min Konghwaguk country in East Asia. It occupies the northern portion of the Korean peninsula, which juts out from the Asian mainland between the Sea of Japan (East Sea) and the Yellow Sea. The country is bordered by China and Russia to the north and by the Republic of Korea (South Korea) to the south. North Korea has an area of 47,399 square miles (122,762 square kilometres), occupying about 55 percent of the

Aschelminth

2005-03-14T23:24:00.000-08:00

There is a much larger literature on the nematodes than other aschelminths because of their importance to humans. Introductory works include Neil A. Croll and Bernard E. Matthews, Biology of Nematodes (1977); Armand Maggenti, General Nematology (1981); Warwick L. Nicholas, The Biology of Free-Living Nematodes, 2nd ed. (1984); and George O. Poinar, Jr., The Natural History of Nematodes (1983). Parasitic forms are discussed in William R. Nickle (ed.), Plant and Insect Nematodes (1984); Gerald D. Schmidt and Larry S. Roberts, Foundations of Parasitology, 3rd ed. (1985); and Norman D. Levine, Nematode Parasites of Domestic Animals and Man (1980). Nematodes in biologic research are the subject of Bert M. Zuckerman (ed.), Nematodes as Biological Models, 2 vol. (1980).

�benr�

2005-03-11T20:43:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Aabenraa � city, seat of S�nderjylland amtskommune (county commune), southeastern Jutland, Denmark, at the head of �benr� Fjord. First mentioned in the 12th century when attacked by the Wends, it was granted a charter (1335) and grew from a fishing village into a thriving port in the 17th and 18th centuries. Medieval landmarks include the St. Nicholas Church (a 13th-century church; restored 1949 - 56) and

Isabella I

2005-03-06T13:20:00.000-08:00

Byname �Isabella the Catholic�, Spanish �Isabel la Cat�lica� queen of Castile (1474 - 1504) and of Aragon (1479 - 1504), ruling the two kingdoms jointly from 1479 with her husband, Ferdinand II of Aragon (Ferdinand V of Castile). Their rule effected the permanent union of Spain and the beginning of an overseas empire in the New World, led by Christopher Columbus under Isabella's

Akwa Ibom

2005-03-05T04:32:00.000-08:00

The state's population consists

Wolfenden Report

2005-03-04T03:12:00.000-08:00

A study containing recommendations for laws governing sexual behaviour, published in 1957 by the Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution in Great Britain. It was named for Sir John Wolfenden, the chairman of the committee. Using the findings of psychoanalysis and social science, the report urged that public statutes avoid the attempt to legislate morality

Lippisch, Alexander M(artin)

2005-03-03T23:39:00.000-08:00

Lippisch designed the world's first successful rocket-propelled airplane (a tailless glider fitted with two solid-fuel rockets, flown June 11, 1928, in the Rh�n Mountains,

Tsinghai

2005-03-02T15:00:00.000-08:00

Chinese (Wade-Giles) �Ch'ing-hai, �(Pinyin) �Qinghai, � sheng (province) of northwestern China. Located in the Tibetan Highlands, it has an average elevation of 13,000 feet (4,000 metres). It is bounded on the north and east by Kansu, on the southeast by Szechwan, on the south and west by the Tibet Autonomous Region, and on the west and north by the Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang. Tsinghai has an area of about 284,600 square miles (737,000 square kilometres).

Andrade, M

2005-03-02T07:13:00.000-08:00

Educated at the conservatory in S�o Paulo, Andrade helped organize what proved to be a key event in the

Andrade, Oswald De, The rise of the major sects: Vaishnavism, Saivism, and Saktism

2005-03-01T13:44:00.000-08:00

Born into a wealthy and aristocratic family, Andrade traveled extensively in Europe during his youth and there became aware of avant-garde literary trends in Paris and Italy. After his return to S�o Paulo,

Ghana

2005-03-01T03:13:00.000-08:00

First of the great medieval trading empires of western Africa (fl. 7th - 13th century). It was situated between the Sahara (Desert) and the headwaters of the S�n�gal and Niger rivers, in an area that now comprises southeastern Mauritania and part of Mali. Ghana was populated by Soninke clans of Mande-speaking people who acted as intermediaries between the Arab and Berber

Andradite, The rise of the major sects: Vaishnavism, Saivism, and Saktism

2005-02-28T22:01:00.000-08:00

calcium-iron garnet, perhaps the most spectacular garnet because of its high dispersion (separation of light into colours), even greater than that of diamond, and refractive index. It is found in various colours, some of the most beautiful being yellowish (termed topazolite, because of its resemblance to topaz) and yellowish green or emerald-green (Uralian emeralds,

Christ, Two Natures Of

2005-02-28T10:14:00.000-08:00

The clarification of Trinitarian doctrine during the first four centuries

Tallien, Jean-lambert

2005-02-27T22:37:00.000-08:00

His political career began when, after taking part in the insurrection of Aug. 10, 1792, he became secretary of the Paris Commune and was elected to the National Convention, in which he sided with the more radical Montagnards against

Andr

2005-02-27T05:14:00.000-08:00

German in full �Julius, Graf (Count) Andr�ssy von Csikszentkir�ly und Krasznahorka� Hungarian prime minister and Austro-Hungarian foreign minister (1871 - 79), who helped create the Austro-Hungarian dualist form of government. As a firm supporter of Germany, he created, with the imperial German chancellor Otto von Bismarck, the Austro-German

Andr

2005-02-26T21:14:00.000-08:00

Latin �Andreas Capellanus � French writer on the art of courtly love, best known for his three-volume treatise Liber de arte honeste amandi et reprobatione inhonesti amoris (c. 1185; �Book of the Art of Loving Nobly and the Reprobation of Dishonourable Love�). He is thought to have been a chaplain at the court of Marie, Countess of Champagne, daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine. At Marie's request

Insurance, Automobile insurance

2005-02-26T06:29:00.000-08:00

Nearly half of all property-liability insurance written in the United States is in the area of automobile insurance. Set up as a comprehensive contract in most parts of the world, automobile insurance covers liability, collision loss of the vehicle, all other types of loss (called comprehensive loss), and medical expenses incurred by the driver, passengers, and other

Andr

2005-02-25T11:03:00.000-08:00

Sent to America in 1774, Andr� became chief intelligence officer to the British commander in chief, General Sir Henry Clinton, in New York City. From May 1779 he carried on a secret correspondence

Rawi

2005-02-25T09:11:00.000-08:00

One or more rawis attached themselves to a particular poet and learned his works by heart. They then recited and explained the poet's verse before a wider audience. Such an attachment often became an apprenticeship,

Bonnet Monkey

2005-02-24T16:40:00.000-08:00

(species Macaca radiata), Indian macaque named for the thatch of long hair forming a cap, or �bonnet,� on the crown. The bonnet monkey is grayish brown with a hairless pink face. It is about 35 - 60 cm (14 - 24 inches) long, excluding its 50 - 70-centimetre tail, and weighs about 3 - 9 kg (7 - 20 pounds). It is an agile monkey and sometimes raids gardens or stores of food.

Andrea Da Barberino, The rise of the major sects: Vaishnavism, Saivism, and Saktism

2005-02-24T16:36:00.000-08:00

The material for Andrea's prose compilation of Charlemagne legends, I reali di Francia (1491; �The Royalty of France,� modern edition by G. Vandelli, 1892 - 1900), was drawn for the most part from earlier Italian versions, though the author added much pseudohistorical material

Adalbero Of Ardennes

2005-02-23T20:31:00.000-08:00

Adalbero, a native of Lorraine, had opposed the attempts of the Carolingian king of France, Lothair, to gain Lorraine from the Holy Roman emperor Otto

Andrea Da Firenze, The rise of the major sects: Vaishnavism, Saivism, and Saktism

2005-02-23T18:47:00.000-08:00

Andrea studied at the Arte dei Medici e degli Speziali in Florence. At the end of 1365 he was commissioned to decorate the chapter house of the church of Sta. Maria Novella. Also attributed to him are the decorations in the Spanish chapel and

Andrea Del Sarto, The rise of the major sects: Vaishnavism, Saivism, and Saktism

2005-02-22T09:57:00.000-08:00

original name �Andrea d'Agnolo� Italian painter and draftsman whose works of exquisite composition and craftsmanship were instrumental in the development of the Florentine-Roman school in the first half of the 16th century. His most striking among other well-known works is the series of frescoes on the life of St. John the Baptist about 1511 and

Mason, Lowell

2005-02-22T03:17:00.000-08:00

Mason went to Savannah, Ga., as a bank clerk and became choirmaster at the Independent Presbyterian Church in that city. In 1822 he returned to Boston and published his famous and profitable The Handel and Haydn Society's Collection

Nagurski, Bronko

2005-02-21T17:37:00.000-08:00

Nagurski played tackle and end on defense and fullback on offense at the University of Minnesota

Andreani, Andrea, The rise of the major sects: Vaishnavism, Saivism, and Saktism

2005-02-21T00:02:00.000-08:00

Andreani was active in Florence (1584 - 85), in Siena (1586 - 93), and in Mantua (1599). Between 1602 and 1610 he appears in contemporary

Andreanof Islands, The rise of the major sects: Vaishnavism, Saivism, and Saktism

2005-02-20T18:26:00.000-08:00

group of the Aleutian Islands, southwestern Alaska, U.S. They lie between the Pacific Ocean (south) and the Bering Sea (north) and extend east-west for about 270 miles (430 km) between the Fox and Rat island groups. The Andreanof Islands were strategically important in World War II, and there is a U.S. military installation on Shemya Island.

Constructivism

2005-02-20T08:44:00.000-08:00

Russian �Konstruktivizm� Russian artistic and architectural movement that was first influenced by Cubism and Futurism and is generally considered to have been initiated in 1913 with the �painting reliefs� - abstract geometric constructions - of Vladimir Tatlin. The expatriate Russian sculptors Antoine Pevsner and Naum Gabo joined Tatlin and his followers in Moscow, and upon publication

Antarctica, Plant and animal life

2005-02-19T06:16:00.000-08:00

Eric Hosking and Bryan Sage, Antarctic Wildlife (1982), is an authoritative discussion of the fauna of Antarctica. Biology of the Antarctic Seas (irregular), contains technical accounts of Antarctic sea life; a more popular summary is Robert C. Murphy, �The Oceanic Life of the Antarctic,� Scientific American, 207(3):186 - 194 (September 1962). Technical accounts of terrestrial life are in J. Linsley Gressitt (ed.), Entomology of Antarctica (1967); and S.W. Greene et al., Terrestrial Life of Antarctica (1967); a nontechnical review is provided by George A. Llano, �The Terrestrial Life of the Antarctic,� Scientific American, 207(3):212 - 218 (September 1962). Oliver L. Austin, Jr. (ed.), Antarctic Bird Studies (1968), is a technical publication; whereas John Sparks and Tony Soper, Penguins, 2nd ed. (1987), comprehensively but nontechnically describes the characteristic flightless birds of subantarctic and Antarctic coasts. George Gaylord Simpson, Penguins: Past and Present, Here and There (1976), is an authoritative, popularly written account of penguins and their fossil record. David G. Campbell, The Crystal Desert (1992), evocatively portrays the natural history of the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands.

Andreas-salom

2005-02-19T03:38:00.000-08:00

Salom� was the daughter of a Russian army officer of French Huguenot descent. She studied theology at the University of Z�rich. In 1882 the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche fell in love with her, but she rejected his proposal of marriage.

Haliburton, Thomas Chandler

2005-02-18T09:28:00.000-08:00

Haliburton was admitted to the bar in 1820 and, as a member of the Nova Scotia Legislative Assembly (1826 - 29), led

Andreini, Francesco, The rise of the major sects: Vaishnavism, Saivism, and Saktism

2005-02-18T00:51:00.000-08:00

Andreini began his career as a soldier but was captured by the Turks and held in slavery by them for several years. Upon his return to Italy,

Fabritius, Barent

2005-02-17T10:09:00.000-08:00

He was the son of a schoolmaster and at first became a carpenter, whence his Latinized name Fabritius (from Latin faber, �carpenter�). His early works, dating from the 1650s, are based on Rembrandt's style of the 1640s, with deepened use of colour and of light and shade. He

Andreini, Giovambattista, The rise of the major sects: Vaishnavism, Saivism, and Saktism

2005-02-17T00:51:00.000-08:00

Andreini began his stage career with the Compagnia dei Gelosi founded by his parents, but about 1601 he formed his

Andreini, Isabella, The rise of the major sects: Vaishnavism, Saivism, and Saktism

2005-02-16T14:48:00.000-08:00

In 1578 Flaminio Scala, a theatrical manager and scenario writer, engaged Isabella Canali to play the female lead in his company. There she met Francesco Andreini and married him the same year. They helped form the

Tool And Die Making

2005-02-16T06:16:00.000-08:00

The fabrication of pressworking dies constitutes the major part of the work done in tool and die shops. Most pressworking dies are utilized in the fabrication of sheet-metal parts that range in size from the finger stop on a dial

Minamoto Yoriyoshi

2005-02-15T06:15:00.000-08:00

After aiding the central government in quelling several uprisings by Ainu tribesmen, Yoriyoshi was sent to crush a rebellion led by Abe Yoritoki of the powerful Abe warrior clan of northern Japan (1051). The fighting was characterized by repeated pauses, defeats

Manchuria

2005-02-14T17:32:00.000-08:00

Prior to the 17th century, the history of Manchuria was shaped by three converging ethnic groups: the Chinese, the people collectively known as the Tungus, and the Mongols and Proto-Mongols. The Tungus (from which several groups emerged) were forest and plain dwellers who had a mixed economy of primitive agriculture, fishing, hunting, and livestock breeding. Those in Manchuria

Mysticism, Other definitions and experiences of mysticism

2005-02-13T05:57:00.000-08:00

Such undifferentiated unity or union between the individual and the supreme self is unacceptable to certain traditions and temperaments. The Jewish philosopher Martin Buber emphasized an �I - Thou� relationship: �All real living is meeting,� and one Thou cannot become It. But even his own �unforgettable experience� of union he would explain as �illusory.� With a wider

Lager Beer

2005-02-12T20:31:00.000-08:00

Light-coloured, highly carbonated type of beer (q.v.).

Cultural Anthropology

2005-02-11T08:24:00.000-08:00

A major division of anthropology that deals with the study of culture in all of its aspects and that uses the methods, concepts, and data of archaeology, ethnography and ethnology, folklore, and linguistics in its descriptions and analyses of the diverse peoples of the world.

Mabinogion

2005-02-10T05:32:00.000-08:00

The finest of the tales are the four related

Swartberg

2005-02-09T10:41:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Swartberge, � mountain range in Western Cape province, South Africa, extending east-west for 150 mi (240 km) from near the town of Willowmore to the edge of the Witteberge, roughly parallel with the Indian Ocean coast. The Swartberg is the barrier dividing the semiarid Great Karoo (north) and Little Karoo (south) plateaus. Highest elevations range from between 5,500 and 7,500 ft (1,650 and 2,300 m). Small reservoirs

Gravel

2005-02-08T01:16:00.000-08:00

Fragments in gravel range in size from pebbles

Plutarch

2005-02-07T00:06:00.000-08:00

Greek �Plutarchos�, Latin �Plutarchus� biographer and author whose works strongly influenced the evolution of the essay, the biography, and historical writing in Europe from the 16th to the 19th century. Among his approximately 227 works, the most important are the Bioi paralleloi (Parallel Lives), in which he recounts the noble deeds and characters of Greek and Roman soldiers, legislators,

Abell, Kjeld

2005-02-06T14:00:00.000-08:00

Abell studied political science but afterward began a career as a stage designer in Paris. He

Abell, Kjeld

2005-02-05T20:28:00.000-08:00

The member countries of the Organisation for European Economic

Yalow, Rosalyn S.

2005-02-04T06:49:00.000-08:00

Yalow graduated with honours from Hunter College

Bulfinch, Charles

2005-02-03T08:17:00.000-08:00

After studying at Harvard University (1778 - 81), Bulfinch toured Europe (1785 - 87) and, on the advice of Thomas Jefferson, whom he met in Paris, visited many of the major architectural works of France and Italy. In London he became

Antarctica, Structural framework

2005-02-02T23:57:00.000-08:00

Most of the Antarctic geologic record lies hidden beneath the vast regions of snow and ice that make up more than 95 percent of the continent's surface terrain. No one knows what important segments of the record lie concealed in buried ranges such as the Gamburtsev Mountains, the topography of which has been mapped only by seismic reflections through the great East

Ussuriysk

2005-02-01T18:00:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Ussurijsk� city, Primorsky kray (region), far eastern Russia. It lies about 50 miles (80 km) north of Vladivostok along the Trans-Siberian Railroad at the junction with a line to Harbin in Heilungkiang province, China. Founded as the village of Nikolskoye in 1866, it became a city in 1897 and was renamed Nikolsk-Ussuriysk in 1926, Voroshilov in 1935, and Ussuriysk in 1957. It has food-processing, footwear, clothing,

Bioethics

2005-01-31T08:56:00.000-08:00

The discipline dealing with the ethical implications of both biological research and the applications of that research, especially in medicine. The first bioethics study institute, the Hastings Center, was established in June 1969 and is now located in Briarcliff Manor, N.Y., U.S. In 1971 Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., established The Joseph and Rose Kennedy Institute

Roman Law

2005-01-30T21:20:00.000-08:00

The law of ancient Rome from the time of the founding of the city in 753 BC until the fall of the Western Empire in the 5th century AD. It remained in use in the Eastern, or Byzantine, Empire until 1453. As a legal system, Roman law has affected the development of law in most of Western civilization as well as in parts of the East. It forms the basis for the law codes of most countries of continental

Philip

2005-01-28T21:25:00.000-08:00

Byname �Philip The Magnanimous, �German �Philipp Der Grossm�tige� landgrave (Landgraf) of Hesse (1509 - 67), one of the great figures of German Protestantism, who championed the independence of German princes against the Holy Roman emperor Charles V.

Pitesti

2005-01-27T18:53:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Arges judet (county), south-central Romania. It lies 70 miles (110 km) northwest of Bucharest and is situated in the Arges River valley, there sheltered by surrounding hills. Pitesti developed in the Middle Ages as a trading centre between the mountainous Transylvania region and the Danube Plain. It is first documented in 1388, though Roman coins and relics have been

Pitesti

2005-01-26T14:09:00.000-08:00

The organization is composed of five program offices: Aeronautics and Space Technology, for the development of equipment; Space Science and Applications, dealing with programs

Tsvetayeva, Marina Ivanovna

2005-01-25T21:56:00.000-08:00

Tsvetayeva spent her youth predominantly in Moscow, where her father

Raymond Vi

2005-01-24T14:23:00.000-08:00

The son of Count Raymond V, Raymond VI was a nephew of King Louis VII of France and brother-in-law of King Richard I of England. Tolerant toward the many

Akselrod, Pavel Borisovich

2005-01-23T09:29:00.000-08:00

Akselrod participated in the Narodnik (populist) movement during the 1870s and formed the revolutionary

La Hontan, Louis-armand De Lom D'arce, Baron De

2005-01-22T13:10:00.000-08:00

La Hontan went to Canada in 1683 as a marine lieutenant. He participated in an unsuccessful campaign against the Iroquois Indians on Lake Ontario in 1684 and commanded

Sinkiang, Uygur Autonomous Region Of

2005-01-21T06:33:00.000-08:00

Far to the northwest of the heartland of Chinese civilization, the Sinkiang region was thinly populated by herdsmen and oasis farmers organized into small kingdoms and tribal alliances. Southern Sinkiang came under the loose control of the Western Han dynasty in about 100 BC, when an extension of the Great Wall was built 300 miles west of the present Kansu-Sinkiang border.

Marschner, Heinrich August

2005-01-20T14:03:00.000-08:00

Marschner studied law at Leipzig, but, encouraged by Ludwig van Beethoven, whom he met in Vienna in 1817, and others, he turned to composing. In 1820 his close friend Carl Maria von Weber produced Marschner's opera Heinrich IV und d'Aubign� at Dresden. Marschner was later appointed

Arias (madrid), Arnulfo

2005-01-19T15:59:00.000-08:00

The younger brother of Harmodio Arias (Panamanian president, 1932 - 36), Arias was educated at the University of Chicago and Harvard Medical School (to become a surgeon) and was minister of agriculture and public works in the 1930s during the presidency

Liquid Crystal

2005-01-18T07:16:00.000-08:00

A substance that flows as a liquid but maintains some of the ordered structure characteristic of a crystal. Certain organic substances when heated will not melt directly but will turn from a crystalline solid to a liquid-crystal (mesomorphic) state. Upon further heating, a temperature is reached at which a true (isotropic) liquid is formed. The liquid-crystal state

Coneflower

2005-01-17T05:46:00.000-08:00

Plants

Scorpius

2005-01-16T04:04:00.000-08:00

In astrology,

Production Management

2005-01-15T10:11:00.000-08:00

Also called �operations management, � planning and control of industrial processes to ensure that they move smoothly at the required level. Techniques of production management are employed in service as well as in manufacturing industries. It is a responsibility similar in level and scope to other specialties such as marketing or human resource and financial management. In manufacturing operations,

Ucayali

2005-01-14T20:52:00.000-08:00

Departamento of eastern Peru (until 1980 part of Loreto department) spanning the upper and middle sections of the meandering Ucayali River, a principal tributary of the Amazon. Formerly a very isolated area of Peru, Ucayali department experienced rapid population growth (particularly at Pucallpa [q.v.], the departmental capital) after 1945 with the completion of a road system

Athanasius The Athonite, Saint

2005-01-13T00:08:00.000-08:00

Originally named Abraham, he took the monastic name of Athanasius when he retired to Mt. Athos after forsaking the sophisticated, urban monastic life in Constantinople;

D�zsa Rebellion

2005-01-12T04:36:00.000-08:00

During the reign of King Vladislas II (1490 - 1516), royal power declined in favour of the magnates, who used their power to curtail the peasants' freedom. When the cardinal Tam�s Bak�cz called for volunteers to go on a crusade against

Ibn Abi 'asrun

2005-01-11T03:21:00.000-08:00

After completing his theological

Agassiz, Elizabeth Cabot

2005-01-10T17:53:00.000-08:00

Elizabeth Cary was related to many of Boston's leading families. She received no formal schooling but acquired a somewhat haphazard education at home. In April 1850 she married the distinguished and recently

Legaspi

2005-01-09T06:41:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Legazpi, � chartered city, capital of Albay province, southeastern Luzon, Philippines, near an inlet on Albay Gulf. Founded c. 1639, it was named for Miguel L�pez de Legazpi, conquistador and first Spanish governor general of the Philippines. The city lies at the southern base of the active volcanic Mt. Mayon, the 1815 eruption of which killed more than 1,000 people and levelled nearby Cagsawa.

Anbar

2005-01-08T19:18:00.000-08:00

Also called �Massice�, or �Fairuz Sapur� ancient Mesopotamian town located on the left bank of the Euphrates River, downstream from modern Ar-Ramadi in central Iraq. Originally called Massice and Fairuz Sapur, it was destroyed by the Roman emperor Julian in AD 363. The town was rebuilt and became known from at least the 6th century as Anbar (�Stores�). Jews from the academy of Pumbedita took refuge there from Sasanian persecution

Devaraja

2005-01-07T16:17:00.000-08:00

The devaraja cult grew out of both Hindu and indigenous traditions. It taught that the king was a divine universal ruler, a manifestation

S�-carneiro, M�rio De

2005-01-06T22:42:00.000-08:00

S�-Carneiro studied in Paris at the Sorbonne. His first poems, Dispers�o (�Dispersion�), were written in Paris and published in 1914. In the same year he published a novel, A Confiss�o de L�cio (�The Confession of L�cio�), and back in Portugal he

Los Angeles Zoo, The

2005-01-05T03:56:00.000-08:00

Byname �Griffith Park Zoo, � zoological park founded in 1912 in Los Angeles as the Griffith Park Menagerie. It is a completely outdoor zoo that has holdings of the emperor tamarin, mountain tapir, and California condor. The Los Angeles Zoo was also the first to breed the tarictic hornbill. Comprising a main zoo and a children's zoo, it occupies 46 hectares (113 acres) of Griffith Park, a large city-owned park. The

Mitchell, Edgar D(ean)

2005-01-04T21:20:00.000-08:00

Mitchell entered the U.S. Navy upon graduation from the Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa. He was awarded an engineering degree by the Navy

Mitchell, Edgar D(ean)

2005-01-03T00:15:00.000-08:00

ALS affects the motor neurons - i.e., those neurons that control muscular movements.

Antanaclasis

2005-01-02T02:14:00.000-08:00

The first use of �sleep� refers to nocturnal rest, the second to death.

Gagarin, Yury Alekseyevich

2005-01-01T05:56:00.000-08:00

The son of a carpenter on a collective farm, Gagarin graduated as a molder from a trade school near Moscow in 1951. He continued his studies at the industrial college at Saratov and concurrently took a course in flying. On completing this course he entered

Kirkcaldy (of Grange), Sir William

2004-12-31T17:21:00.000-08:00

Kirkcaldy was one of the Protestant conspirators who murdered the powerful cardinal David Beaton at St. Andrews Castle in May 1546. From 1550 to 1556 he served in France as a secret agent for England. He returned to Scotland in 1557 and two years later joined the Protestant lords

Genetic Code

2004-12-30T11:02:00.000-08:00

The sequence of nucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) that determines the amino acid sequence of proteins. Though the linear sequence of nucleotides in DNA contains the information for protein sequences, proteins are not made directly from DNA. Instead, a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is synthesized from the DNA and directs the formation

Seabury, Samuel

2004-12-29T03:53:00.000-08:00

Seabury was educated in medicine at Yale University and the University of Edinburgh. After he became a priest in 1753, he served parishes in New Brunswick, New Jersey, in Jamaica, New York, and in Westchester, New York; he also practiced

Insurance, Title insurance

2004-12-28T06:12:00.000-08:00

The need for title insurance arises from the fact that real estate

Christiansted

2004-12-27T01:30:00.000-08:00

Also called �Bassin� chief town and port of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, on the northeastern coast of the island. Exports are mainly watches and rum. It was formerly capital of the Danish West Indies and was a boyhood residence (1765) of the American statesman Alexander Hamilton. Pop. (1980) 2,914.

Levite

2004-12-26T23:55:00.000-08:00

Member of a group of clans of religious functionaries in ancient Israel who apparently were given a special religious status, conjecturally for slaughtering idolaters of the golden calf during the time of Moses (Ex. 32:25 - 29). They thus replaced the firstborn sons of Israel who were �dedicated to the service of the Lord� for having been preserved from death at the time of the

Ovington, Mary White

2004-12-25T16:34:00.000-08:00

Born three days before the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Ovington was reared in an upper-middle-class home by abolitionist

Madagascar, Flag Of

2004-12-24T09:46:00.000-08:00

Possibly based on traditions in Indonesia, the original home of the Malagasy, the predominant flag colours of Madagascar have always been white and red. In the mid-17th century, for example, those colours were chosen by the Sakalava dynasty when it came to power. They named their country the kingdom of Menab�, which means �great red.� In the late 17th century the Merina (Hova)